#include <iostream>

const int defaultSize = 10;

// define the exception class
class XBoundary
{
public:
    XBoundary() {}
    ~XBoundary() {}
private:
};

class Array
{
public:
    // constructors
    Array(int size = defaultSize);
    Array(const Array &rhs);
    ~Array() { delete [] pType; }

    // operators
    Array& operator=(const Array&);
    int& operator[](int offSet);
    const int& operator[](int offSet) const;

    // accessors
    int getSize() const { return size; }

    // friend function
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Array&);

private:
    int *pType;
    int size;
};

Array::Array(int newSize):
size(newSize)
{
    pType = new int[size];
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
        pType[i] = 0;
}

Array& Array::operator=(const Array &rhs)
{
    if (this == &rhs)
        return *this;
    delete [] pType;
    size = rhs.getSize();
    pType = new int[size];
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
        pType[i] = rhs[i];
    return *this;
}

Array::Array(const Array &rhs)
{
    size = rhs.getSize();
    pType = new int[size];
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
        pType[i] = rhs[i];
}

int& Array::operator[](int offSet)
{
    int size = getSize();
    if (offSet >= 0 && offSet < size)
        return pType[offSet];
    throw XBoundary();
    return pType[offSet];
}

const int& Array::operator[](int offSet) const
{
    int size = getSize();
    if (offSet >= 0 && offSet < size)
        return pType[offSet];
    throw XBoundary();
    return pType[offSet];
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& output,
                         const Array& array)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < array.getSize(); i++)
        output << "[" << i << "] " << array[i] << "\n";
    return output;
}

int main()
{
    Array intArray(20);
    try
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++)
        {
            intArray[j] = j;
            std::cout << "intArray[" << j
                << "] OK ..." << "\n";
        }
    }
    catch (XBoundary)
    {
        std::cout << "Unable to process your input\n";
    }
    std::cout << "Done\n";
    return 0;
}