#include <iostream>
  
class Mammal
{
public:
    Mammal():age(1) { std::cout << "Mammal constructor ...\n"; }
    virtual ~Mammal() { std::cout << "Mammal destructor ...\n"; }
    Mammal (const Mammal &rhs);
    virtual void speak() const { std::cout << "Mammal speak!\n"; }
    virtual Mammal* clone() { return new Mammal(*this); } 
    int getAge() const { return age; }
  
protected:
    int age;
};
  
Mammal::Mammal (const Mammal &rhs):age(rhs.getAge())
{
    std::cout << "Mammal copy constructor ...\n";
}
  
class Dog : public Mammal
{
public:
    Dog() { std::cout << "Dog constructor ...\n"; }
    virtual ~Dog() { std::cout << "Dog destructor ...\n"; }
    Dog (const Dog &rhs);
    void speak() const { std::cout << "Woof!\n"; }
    virtual Mammal* clone() { return new Dog(*this); }
};
  
Dog::Dog(const Dog &rhs):
Mammal(rhs)
{
    std::cout << "Dog copy constructor ...\n";
}
  
class Cat : public Mammal
{
public:
    Cat() { std::cout << "Cat constructor ...\n"; }
    virtual ~Cat() { std::cout << "Cat destructor ...\n"; }
    Cat (const Cat&);
    void speak() const { std::cout << "Meow!\n"; }
    virtual Mammal* Clone() { return new Cat(*this); }
};
  
Cat::Cat(const Cat &rhs):
Mammal(rhs)
{
    std::cout << "Cat copy constructor ...\n";
}
  
enum ANIMALS { MAMMAL, DOG, CAT};
const int numAnimalTypes = 3;
int main()
{
    Mammal *array[numAnimalTypes];
    Mammal *ptr;
    int choice, i;
    for (i = 0; i < numAnimalTypes; i++)
    {
        std::cout << "(1) dog (2) cat (3) mammal: ";
        std::cin >> choice;
        switch (choice)
        {
        case DOG: 
            ptr = new Dog;
            break;
        case CAT: 
            ptr = new Cat;
            break;
        default: 
            ptr = new Mammal;
            break;
        }
        array[i] = ptr;
    }
    Mammal *otherArray[numAnimalTypes];
    for (i=0; i < numAnimalTypes; i++)
    {
        array[i]->speak();
        otherArray[i] = array[i]->clone();
    }
    for (i=0; i < numAnimalTypes; i++)
    {
        otherArray[i]->speak();
    }
    return 0;
}