#include <iostream>
 
class Counter
{
public:
    Counter();
    ~Counter(){}
    int getValue() const { return value; }
    void setValue(int x) { value = x; }
    void increment() { ++value; }
    const Counter& operator++();
    const Counter& operator--();
  
private:
    int value;
};
  
Counter::Counter():
value(0)
{}

const Counter& Counter::operator++()
{
    ++value;
    return *this;
}
  
const Counter& Counter::operator--()
{
    --value;
    return *this;
}

int main()
{
    Counter c;
    std::cout << "The value of c is " << c.getValue() 
        << "\n";
    --c;
    std::cout << "The value of c is " << c.getValue() 
        << "\n";
    ++c;
    std::cout << "The value of c is " << c.getValue() 
        << "\n";
    Counter a = ++c;
    std::cout << "The value of a: " << a.getValue();
    std::cout << " and c: " << c.getValue() << "\n";
    return 0;
}