#include <iostream>
  
class SimpleCat
{
public:
    SimpleCat();               // constructor
    SimpleCat(SimpleCat&);     // copy constructor
    ~SimpleCat();              // destructor
};
  
SimpleCat::SimpleCat()
{
    std::cout << "Simple Cat Constructor ...\n";
}
  
SimpleCat::SimpleCat(SimpleCat&)
{
    std::cout << "Simple Cat Copy Constructor ...\n";
}
  
SimpleCat::~SimpleCat()
{
    std::cout << "Simple Cat Destructor ...\n";
}
  
SimpleCat FunctionOne(SimpleCat theCat);
SimpleCat* FunctionTwo(SimpleCat *theCat);
  
int main()
{
    std::cout << "Making a cat ...\n";
    SimpleCat Frisky;
    std::cout << "Calling FunctionOne ...\n";
    std::cout << "Address of Frisky before: " << &Frisky << "\n";
    FunctionOne(Frisky);
    std::cout << "Address of Frisky after: " << &Frisky << "\n";
    std::cout << "Calling FunctionTwo ...\n";
    std::cout << "Address of Frisky before: " << &Frisky << "\n";
    FunctionTwo(&Frisky);
    std::cout << "Address of Frisky after: " << &Frisky << "\n";
    return 0;
}
  
// FunctionOne, passes by value
SimpleCat FunctionOne(SimpleCat theCat)
{
    std::cout << "Function One. Returning ...\n";
    return theCat;
}
  
// functionTwo, passes by reference
SimpleCat* FunctionTwo (SimpleCat *theCat)
{
    std::cout << "Function Two. Returning ...\n";
    return theCat; 
}